Melampaui Dogmatika dan Positivisme: Pergeseran Humanistik Sosiologi Hukum Sebagai Medan Pengetahuan Sosio-Legal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70004/pradgma.v4i02.333Keywords:
: Sosiologi Hukum; Dogmatika Hukum; Positivisme Sosiologis; Hukum Responsif; Pergeseran Humanistik; Keadilan Substantif.Abstract
Dominasi cara pandang dogmatis dan positivisme hukum yang mereifikasi hukum sebagai norma formal tertutup kerap gagal menjelaskan kenyataan sosial, fungsi nyata, serta efektivitas hukum dalam masyarakat. Reduksi ini berimplikasi pada ketidakmampuan ilmu hukum dalam merespons legal pluralism, dinamika perubahan sosial, serta pengalaman subjek hukum yang rentan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi sosiologi hukum sebagai medan pengetahuan sosio-legal yang mandiri melalui penegasan dasar ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologisnya, sekaligus memetakan pergeseran konseptual dari positivisme menuju paradigma humanistik-responsif. Menggunakan pendekatan konseptual-filosofis dan critical literature review, studi ini mengintegrasikan empat perspektif utama: sosiologi hukum empiris (living law), positivisme hukum formal, responsive law, dan humanisme sosio-legal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sosiologi hukum merupakan disiplin otonom berkarakter empiris-kritis yang menempatkan hukum sebagai realitas sosial yang hidup (living law) dan proses objektivasi makna. Meskipun positivisme sosiologis memberikan kegunaan empiris dalam mengungkap kesenjangan law in books dan law in action, pendekatan ini berisiko jatuh pada netralitas semu dan empirisme miskin kritik jika mengabaikan dimensi normatif serta relasi kuasa. Oleh karena itu, pergeseran humanistik yang dielaborasi melalui hukum responsif dan refleksif menempatkan martabat manusia dan pengalaman hidup warga sebagai tolok ukur utama. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa kepastian formal harus diposisikan kembali bukan sebagai tujuan akhir, melainkan sebagai sarana untuk mewujudkan keadilan substantif, partisipasi publik, dan hukum yang bermakna sosial.
References
Akhmatov, A. V. (2026). Legality as a general legal category: A sociological aspect. Legal Education and Science, 2026(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.18572/1813-1190-2026-1-15-21
Asa, A. I., Munir, M., & Ningsih, R. S. M. (2021). Nonet and Selznick’s responsive law concept in a historical philosophy perspective. CREPIDO, 3(2), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.3.2.96-109
Audina, A., Ainul, S., Marjan, M., Setyo, O. S., & Elviandri, E. (2026). Revitalisasi hukum progresif: Analisis filsafat atas paradigma dan dinamika perubahan hukum. Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Joecy), 6(1), 1882–1890. https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.6710
Base, R. (2025). The law of observational reciprocity and the social constitution of legal reality: A sociology of law perspective. Beijing Law Review, 16(3), 100. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2025.163100
Budiono, A., Iriani, D., & Hariyani, N. (2021). Jhon Austin's positivism legal policy: Convergence of natural law. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i9.3058
Cotterrell, R. (2023). A socio‐legal quest: From jurisprudence to sociology of law and back again. Journal of Law and Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12403
Coutu, M. (2023). Hubert Treiber and the sociology of law of Max Weber: From the ideal types of legal rationality to the plurality of law. Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie, 43, 177–199. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2023-1016
Feeley, M. M. (1979). Law, legitimacy, and symbols: An expanded view of Law and Society in Transition. Michigan Law Review, 77(3), 899–928.
Fuchs, W. (2020). Litigious Bukovina: Eugen Ehrlich’s “Living Law” and the use of civil justice in the late Habsburg Monarchy. Administory, 5, 235–248. https://doi.org/10.2478/adhi-2020-0015
Galán, A. (2023). Properties of law: Modern law and after. Jurisprudence, 14(1), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2023.2173472
Together, M. (2020). Sociology of the living law: Exploring the other hemisphere of the legal world. In Research handbook on the sociology of law. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789905182.00018
Hertogh, M. (2024). Empirical approaches to the rule of law: Contours and challenges of a social science that does not quite yet exist. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 20, 41822–044308. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041822-044308
Hydén, H. (2025). Beyond theoretical postulates: Concretizing the field of sociology of law. International Journal of Law and Society, 8(2), 14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20250802.14
Kaharuddin, K. (2023). Legal sociology approach: A critical study on understanding the law. Veteran Law Review, 6, 4955. https://doi.org/10.35586/velrev.v6ispecialissues.4955
Kibar, S. (2026). Beyond natural law and legal positivism: Toward a Marxist materialist account of legal normativity. Felsefelik. https://doi.org/10.66990/9wnjd983
Kravets, I. (2023). Dignitatis Humanae and human rights in philosophical and legal existence and in contemporary constitutionalism: Division and reunification. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.304
Kurniawan, A. (2021). How should the law work? A book review “Biarkan hukum mengalir: Catatan kritis tentang pergulatan manusia dan hukum”, Prof. Dr. Satjipto Rahardjo SH, PT Kompas Media Nusantara Jakarta, 2007, 158 pages, ISBN: 978-979-709-334-1. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i1.34796
Ladavac, N. (2019). Sein and sollen, “is” and “ought” and the problem of normativity in Hans Kelsen. In Kelsenian Legal Science and the Nature of Law (pp. 29–43). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18929-7_3
Lestarini, R. (2023). The sociological perspective on the study of the living law: Is it a part of legal discipline or social discipline? Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 11(3), 1270. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i3.1270
Leszczuk, S. (2022). “Disenchantment of the world”: The thesis of Max Weber’s concept of the sociology of law. Studia Sieci Uniwersytetów Pogranicza. https://doi.org/10.15290/sup.2022.06.07
Likhter, P. (2026). The ontology of law in the prism of institutionalism, sociological positivism and modern concepts of realism. Journal of Russian Law. https://doi.org/10.61205/s160565900036512-7
McManus, M. (2019). A critical legal conception of human dignity. Journal of Human Rights, 18, 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2018.1544485
Mytrofanov, I. (2025). Values and dogmatic jurisprudence. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, 90(5), 41. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.90.5.41
Nggilu, N., Yassine, C., & Khater, M. (2025). Constructing humanitarian-based law: A philosophical analysis of the philanthropic legal paradigm. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v14i3.98924
Nonet, P., & Selznick, P. (2017). Law and society in transition: Toward responsive law. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203787540
Pahlevi, A. N., Permatasari, N., & Kania, D. (2025). Comparison of the application of responsive legal theory in responding to social change in the criminal law and civil law. Bengkoelen Justice: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 15(1), 40023. https://doi.org/10.33369/jbengkoelenjust.v15i1.40023
Přibáň, J. (2017). A sociology of legal distinctions: Introducing contemporary interpretations of classic socio‐legal concepts. Journal of Law and Society, 44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12046
Priel, D. (2023). Legal positivism and naturalistic explanation of action. Law and Philosophy, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.10
