Sosiologi Hukum Humanis-Spiritual: Kritik Atas Mazhab Positivistik dan Rekonstruksi Epistemologi Hukum di Indonesia
Keywords:
Epistemologi Hukum; Humanis-Spiritual; Positivisme Hukum; Responsive Law; Sosiologi Hukum.Abstract
Perkembangan sosiologi hukum modern masih diwarnai warisan positivisme yang mengamati realitas hukum sebatas model observasi eksternal, klasifikasi formal, dan pemisahan kaku antara fakta dan nilai. Pendekatan ini mengisolasi hukum sebagai sistem tertulis yang otonom (law in books), sehingga mengabaikan dimensi politik, moralitas, relasi kuasa, serta pengalaman batin dan nilai humanis-spiritual subjek hukum (law in action). Artikel ini bertujuan merekonstruksi epistemologi sosiologi hukum dengan mengkritik mazhab positivisme sekaligus menawarkan pendekatan sosiologi hukum yang humanis-spiritual dan responsif. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum konseptual-filosofis berbasis studi literatur kritis, kajian ini menganalisis dimensi ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis sosiologi hukum sebagai medan pengetahuan sosio-legal yang mandiri. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemisahan kaku dalam positivisme gagal mewujudkan keadilan substantif, khususnya pada persoalan sosial-kemanusiaan di Indonesia. Rekonstruksi epistemologi menuju sosiologi hukum yang humanis-spiritual dan responsif (responsive law) mutlak diperlukan agar penegakan hukum senantiasa menghormati martabat manusia, peka terhadap kerentanan subjek, dan akomodatif terhadap pluralisme sosial-keagamaan.
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